Skin Toxicity

Skin Corrosion

Skin corrosion refers to the production of irreversible damage to the skin manifested as visible necrosis through the epidermis and into the dermis, following the application of a test chemical.

Skin Irritation

Skin irritation refers to the production of reversible damage to the skin occurring after exposure to a substance or mixture [as defined by the United Nations (UN) Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)].

Skin Sensitization

Skin sensitization refers to a substance that will lead to an allergic response following repeated skin contact. There is general agreement on the key biological events underlying skin sensitization as described in the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for Skin Sensitisation Initiated by Covalent Binding to Proteins

Skin Phototoxicity

Phototoxicity, also known as photoirritation, refers to an acute toxic reaction triggered when photoreactive chemicals applied to the skin or administered systemically are exposed to environmental light. In the context of skin exposure, this response occurs after the skin comes into contact with photoactive substances followed by light exposure.

Skin Absorption

Skin absorption testing provides information on the transport into the skin of a test substance, (ideally radiolabelled). The test substance will be applied to the surface of a skin sample, which separates two measurement chambers (a donor chamber and a receptor chamber) of a diffusion cell.

Skin Genotoxicity

Genotoxicity assays are fundamental for assessing your product’s capacity to damage genetic material—specifically DNA and RNA. The 3D skin Comet and micronucleus assays have reached a level of validation that supports moving forward with independent peer review of the validation studies

Complex Materials Toxicity Testing

Lack of clear guidelines for toxicity testing of complex materials and substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs). LSI-partner TNO enables in vitro toxicity testing and hazard ranking of complex materials (CM) in a case-by-case approach with all stakeholders aligned.